Dogs, Anal Glands and the Infamous Scoot

Not a day goes by that we’re not either treating impacted anal glands or answering questions about them.  Most pet owners are aware of anal glands and loathe their presence as much as we do.  To help better understand them here are some of the more common questions about anal glands that I hear from day to day.

What are the anal sacs?

Popularly called ‘anal glands’, these are two small pouches located on either side of the anus at approximately the four o’clock and eight o’clock positions. The sacs are lined with numerous specialized sebaceous glands that produce a foul smelling secretion. Each sac is connected to the outside by a small duct which opens just inside the anus.

What is their function?

The secretion acts as a territorial marker – a dog’s ‘calling card’. The sacs are present in both male and female dogs, and are normally emptied when the dog defecates. This is why dogs are so interested in smelling each others feces.

Why are the anal sacs causing a problem in my dog?

Anal sac disease is very common in dogs. The sacs frequently become impacted, usually due to blockage of the ducts. The secretion within the impacted sacs will thicken and the sacs will become swollen and distended. The secreted material within the anal sacs forms an ideal medium for bacterial growth, allowing abscesses to form. Pain increases and sometimes a red, hot swelling will appear on one or both sides of the anus at the site of abscess formation.

How will I know if my dog has anal sac problems?

The first sign is often scooting or dragging the rear along the ground. There may be excessive licking or biting, often at the root of the tail rather than the anal area. If the anal sac ruptures, you may see blood or pus draining from the rectum.

What should I do?

Problems with the anal gland are common in all dogs, but especially small breeds. Treatment for impaction involves flushing and removal of the solidified material. Since this condition is painful, many pets will require a sedative or an anesthetic for this treatment. Antibiotics are often prescribed and sometimes may need to be instilled into the sacs over a period of several days. Most dogs will receive pain relief medications for several days until the swelling and pain have subsided. In advanced cases, surgery may be required.